在焊管生产的过程中，退火温度起着中药作用，退火温度是否达到规定温度。焊管热处理一般是采取固溶热处理，也就是人们平常所谓的“退火”，温度范围为1040~1120℃(日本标准)。你也可以通过退火炉观察孔观察，退火区的焊接钢管应为白炽状态，但没出现软化下垂。退火温度为引物和模板结合时候的温度参数，当50%的引物和互补序列表现为双链DNA分子时的温度?它是影响PCR特异性的较重要因素。在理想状态下，退火温度足够低，以保证引物同目的序列有效退火， 同时还要足够高，以减少非特异性结合。合理的退火温度从55℃到70℃。退火温度一般设定比引物的 Tm低5℃。
Annealing temperature is the temperature parameter when primers and templates are combined. When 50% of primers and complementary sequences are double-stranded DNA molecules, temperature is an important factor affecting the specificity of PCR. Ideally, the annealing temperature is low enough to ensure the effective annealing of primers with the same target sequence, and high enough to reduce non-specific binding. Reasonable annealing temperature ranges from 55 to 70 C. The annealing temperature is generally set to be 5 C lower than the Tm of the primer. In the production of welded steel pipe, annealing temperature plays a role of traditional Chinese medicine, whether the annealing temperature reaches the prescribed temperature or not. The heat treatment of welded steel pipes is usually solid solution heat treatment, which is commonly called "annealing", and the temperature range is 1040 ~ 1120 ("Japan Standard"). You can also observe the holes in the annealing furnace. The welded steel pipe in the annealing zone should be incandescent, but there is no softening sag. 其次是退火气氛。一般都是采用纯氢作为退火气氛，气氛纯度最好是99.99%以上，如果气氛中另一部分是惰性气体的话，纯度也可以低一点，但是绝对不能含有过多氧气、水汽。光亮退火炉应是封闭的，与外界空气隔绝;采用氢气作保护气的，只有一个排气口是通的(用来点燃排出的氢气)。检查的方法可以用肥皂水抹在退火炉各个接头缝隙处，看是否跑气;其中最容易跑气的地方是退火炉进管子的地方和出管子的地方，这个地方的密封圈特别容易磨损，要经常检查经常换。
Next is annealing atmosphere. Usually pure hydrogen is used as annealing atmosphere. The purity of the atmosphere is better than 99.99%. If the other part of the atmosphere is inert gas, the purity can be lower, but absolutely can not contain too much oxygen and water vapor. Bright annealing furnace should be closed, isolated from the outside air; using hydrogen as protective gas, only one exhaust port is open (used to ignite the exhaust hydrogen). Soap water can be used to smear the cracks in each joint of the annealing furnace to see if it runs out. The most easily runs out is the place where the annealing furnace enters and leaves the tube. The sealing rings in this place are particularly easy to wear and tear, so it is necessary to check and replace them frequently.
在金属加工领域，退火温度是指退火时金属应加热达到的温度。据有关文献介绍，不同金属材料的退火温度为：铂，900―1000℃；铜，650℃；黄铜，600―650℃；镍银，650―680℃；铝，283―350℃等。
In the field of metal processing, annealing temperature refers to the temperature at which the metal should be heated during annealing. According to the relevant literature, the annealing temperatures of different metal materials are: platinum, 900-1000 degrees C; copper, 650 degrees C; brass, 600-650 degrees C; nickel and silver, 650-680 degrees C; aluminium, 283-350 degrees C, etc.
最后是保护气压力。为了防止出现微漏，炉内保护气应保持一定的正压，如果是氢气保护气，一般要求20kBar以上。一方面检查炉体材料是否干燥，初次装炉，炉体材料必须要烘干;二是进炉的焊接钢管是否残留过多水渍，特别管子上面如果有孔的话，千万别漏水进去了，要不然就把炉子气氛全破坏了。
Finally, the protective pressure. In order to prevent slight leakage, the protective gas in the furnace should maintain a certain positive pressure. If it is hydrogen protective gas, the general requirement is more than 20 kBar. On the one hand, check whether the material of the furnace body is dry or not, and the material of the furnace body must be dried for the first time. On the other hand, whether there are excessive water stains left on the welded steel pipe entering the furnace, especially if there are holes in the pipe, don't let water leak in, or the atmosphere of the furnace will be destroyed completely.
